Abstract:
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is found to be a promising technology in the 21 th
century. WSN mainly comprises several small sensor nodes. Usually, these nodes function
on limited battery power. Energy competence is, therefore, an important research topic in
the WSN. Maximizing WSN’s lifetime, a proper cluster head (CH) selection strategy is an
essential research topic. Also, to increase the throughput, data transfer rate should be
higher. To achieve this goal, an efficient data transfer mechanism is required. Clustering
has become a common approach to conserve energy for the WSN. The lifespan of the
network depends on the number of alive nodes which eventually increase the throughput
of the network. Many studies have been done on clustering because clustering protocols
can increase the network lifetime and throughput. In these study, the clustering based on
different parameters, such as the position of CHs, the transmission power, the location of
the nodes, the distance between nodes, number of neighbor nodes, the residual energy of
the nodes, the one-hop neighbor information, etc. are examined to improve the
effectiveness of clustering in WSN. Finally, five parameters such as neighbor node number,
the distance between CH and BS, one-hop neighbor data, remaining energy, and sensing
area of a sensor are selected to reduce the possibility of unnecessary CH selection, and
adjusting the distance between two CHs along with their sensing area thereby minimizing
the energy wastage in WSN. In addition to that, a dynamic Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) time slot allocations based communication scheme is also proposed. In this
scheme, the sensor device forwards the collected information to the CH using the TDMA
schedule. In this intra-cluster communication, nodes with data to be sent have received a
time frame from the BS, and other nodes remain silent. No broadcasting and requisitioning
iv
procedures are required in this system, which further reduces the node’s energy
consumption.
