ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION AND TDMA TIME SLOT ASSIGNMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Abstract

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is found to be a promising technology in the 21 th century. WSN mainly comprises several small sensor nodes. Usually, these nodes function on limited battery power. Energy competence is, therefore, an important research topic in the WSN. Maximizing WSN’s lifetime, a proper cluster head (CH) selection strategy is an essential research topic. Also, to increase the throughput, data transfer rate should be higher. To achieve this goal, an efficient data transfer mechanism is required. Clustering has become a common approach to conserve energy for the WSN. The lifespan of the network depends on the number of alive nodes which eventually increase the throughput of the network. Many studies have been done on clustering because clustering protocols can increase the network lifetime and throughput. In these study, the clustering based on different parameters, such as the position of CHs, the transmission power, the location of the nodes, the distance between nodes, number of neighbor nodes, the residual energy of the nodes, the one-hop neighbor information, etc. are examined to improve the effectiveness of clustering in WSN. Finally, five parameters such as neighbor node number, the distance between CH and BS, one-hop neighbor data, remaining energy, and sensing area of a sensor are selected to reduce the possibility of unnecessary CH selection, and adjusting the distance between two CHs along with their sensing area thereby minimizing the energy wastage in WSN. In addition to that, a dynamic Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) time slot allocations based communication scheme is also proposed. In this scheme, the sensor device forwards the collected information to the CH using the TDMA schedule. In this intra-cluster communication, nodes with data to be sent have received a time frame from the BS, and other nodes remain silent. No broadcasting and requisitioning iv procedures are required in this system, which further reduces the node’s energy consumption.