Abstract:
A biosensor utilizing metamaterials for the purpose of detecting blood glucose concentrations
is designed and simulated in this study. The proposed sensor consists of a microstrip patch
antenna designed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate. A circular-shaped complementary split ring
resonator (CSRR) cell is integrated onto the patch of the antenna which acts as a crucial
component for the glucose sensing. An investigation is conducted to determine the
dimensions of the CSRR, including the number of cells, the radius of the outer and inner
rings, and the location of the structure. Various shapes of CSRR, namely circular, square, and
hexagonal shapes are explored in order to determine the most optimal configuration for the
CSRR. The sensing zone of the sensor is determined based on the analysis of the electric
field and surface current. An investigation of the characteristics of the CSRR is performed to
illustrate its significance in the field of glucose detection. The sensor is analyzed in order to
ascertain the concentration of glucose ranging from 50 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL in both aqueous
solutions as well as a human finger model. The sensing parameter is amplitude of reflection
coefficient, which exhibits variation in response to alterations in the dielectric characteristics
of the sample being tested. The Debye and Cole-Cole relaxation model is employed to
estimate the dielectric properties of aqueous and blood glucose solutions respectively. The
glucose level is determined through the utilization of a linear regression model that describes
the correlation between the magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the sensor and the
concentration of glucose. The effects of varying the thickness of different finger tissues are
examined. The sensor demonstrates a notable sensitivity of 1.792 dB per (mgdL-1) and is
capable of determining glucose levels with a good accuracy, as validated through the
application of mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and Clarke error grid analysis. The
maximum 1-g specific absorption rate (SAR) of the sensor is obtained as 0.519 W/kg which
ensures the RF safety of the device. This sensor exhibits enhanced performance compared to
some state-of-the-art glucose sensors.
