DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIAL BASED BIOSENSOR TO DETERMINE BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION

Abstract

A biosensor utilizing metamaterials for the purpose of detecting blood glucose concentrations is designed and simulated in this study. The proposed sensor consists of a microstrip patch antenna designed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate. A circular-shaped complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) cell is integrated onto the patch of the antenna which acts as a crucial component for the glucose sensing. An investigation is conducted to determine the dimensions of the CSRR, including the number of cells, the radius of the outer and inner rings, and the location of the structure. Various shapes of CSRR, namely circular, square, and hexagonal shapes are explored in order to determine the most optimal configuration for the CSRR. The sensing zone of the sensor is determined based on the analysis of the electric field and surface current. An investigation of the characteristics of the CSRR is performed to illustrate its significance in the field of glucose detection. The sensor is analyzed in order to ascertain the concentration of glucose ranging from 50 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL in both aqueous solutions as well as a human finger model. The sensing parameter is amplitude of reflection coefficient, which exhibits variation in response to alterations in the dielectric characteristics of the sample being tested. The Debye and Cole-Cole relaxation model is employed to estimate the dielectric properties of aqueous and blood glucose solutions respectively. The glucose level is determined through the utilization of a linear regression model that describes the correlation between the magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the sensor and the concentration of glucose. The effects of varying the thickness of different finger tissues are examined. The sensor demonstrates a notable sensitivity of 1.792 dB per (mgdL-1) and is capable of determining glucose levels with a good accuracy, as validated through the application of mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and Clarke error grid analysis. The maximum 1-g specific absorption rate (SAR) of the sensor is obtained as 0.519 W/kg which ensures the RF safety of the device. This sensor exhibits enhanced performance compared to some state-of-the-art glucose sensors.